Abstract: In educational psychology, the benefits and limitations of adaptive learning processes are currently under debate. In computer science, Intelligent Tutor Systems (ITS) exist that are adaptive to learners’ level of skills and knowledge, but it is an open research question how novel user modelling approaches and feedback strategies in ITS incorporating virtual agents can enhance positive emotions and motivation and reduce negative emotions in learning situations. This talk will provide an overview of current research questions in educational psychology about adaptive learning and new developments in the field of intelligent tutor systems.